Hydraulic shock absorber



June 24,1930. 5. MARSH 1,765,929

HYDRAULIC SHOCK ABSORBER Filed Jan. '7, 1929 V Patented June 24,1931) I male 'saiyrnnr, L; MARSH, on NE onxgn. Y.

3 HYDRAULIC .snocK anseannn Application filed January 7, 1929. Serial No. 330,786. I

' iThis'invention relates to hydraulic shock absorbers, and more particularly; s adapted to' eliminate what is commonly known as waterhammer,"which is produced, by sudden fistoppage of flow of water or other fluid passing through pipe systems. V 1 p i I am perfectly familiar With previous attempts to eliminate waterh'ammer in which it has been attempted to provide a casing containing a diaphragm'ot' leather, rubber,

or other flexible material and connecting the diaphragm to the pipe-system so that shocks generated in the Water stream act'to displace the diaphragm andalsoin'which corrugated cylinders have been used to permit displace- "me'nt, but in the presentcase the flexing of p the diaphragm is so small that the elements of displacement isnegligiblc. On the contrary, my invention operates on the theory of permitting the diaphragm to vibrate synchronously with the Waves of pressure'generated in the flowing stream, so that .the shocks are absorbed or damped out,

An object of my invention is to provide a diaphragm againstwhich the wateror other stream of fluid is directed and to make this diaphragm out of spring metal whichpermits of. rapid vlbrat on and .yetwlll not Warp'out'of normal position o provide reinforcing elements for the diaphragm so as to insure longer life thereof.

An additional objectof thepresent invention'is to provide cushioning means. for the main diaphragm by means of Which each of the cushioningelements absorbs its propor- V tionate share of shocl, ,tliereby.,gradually reducing the shocks" that arefto be, absorbed by themain diaphragm."

appended claims.

An additional object of my invention is to The diaphragm the spirit of the inventionas' defined in the In describing'the invent-ion, reference will be had to the accompanying drawings forming part thereofand in which corresponding parts are similarly numbered throughoutthe several views. In these drawings; I

Fig 1 is aYverti'cal central sectional'view of my devlce;

Fig. 3 is an inverted section of the casing. A 1

Referring more particularly to the drawview of a the a Fig. 2 is aplan viewlot the cliapln''ag'1n structure; and

ings, the invention "consists of a casing or shell generally indicated at, A and comprisg 'ing an upper section land a lower section-2 which are providedyvith marginaliflang'es tions together.

Interposed between casing sections 1" and 2 isa diaphragm structure generally indicated at B, which is likewise provided with, openings 7 registering w th thebolt penings 5 in the casing. a

To insure. a water-'tlglitjoint between the sections 1 and 2, I provide the packing rings 8 and 9, which are' adaptedto engage the marginal flanges'ii ande and lie on opposite sidesof the diaphragm structure.

It will thus be seen that'by registering the; bolt holes in'thesections 1 and 2 and in the. diaphragm and passing the bolts 6 there-- through, the sections maybe readily' secure'd together, andleakag'e of water or otherflu'id j' and 4, respectively, havingfbolt holesh therein through which boltst} are adapted I to be passed t'or securelyclamping the' sec"- from the casing isprevjented by the paclring rings 8 and9.

whichextends entirely across the 'casingand' structure generally indi'- cated at 13 comprises a main diaphragm 1O 7 divides the 7 same so as to provide a 'fiuid j chamber 11, which receives the wateror' other fluid to be treated through the inlet opening 12, which is screw threaded so as to be adapted to a fluid pipe system.

The main diaphragm 10 1s provided with a central opening 13 through which is passed-a stop pin 14; provided with an enlarged head 15 and aireduced end l6. The stop pin intermediate its ends is screw stood that the spring 2 i is not primarily I threaded, as indicated 1 at :17, to receive the packingfnut 18, Which is securelylocked in place by means of the nut lock 19.

j In addition to the nain diaphragm I provide supplementaldiaphragms and 21 which are likewise provided with central openings to receive the stop pin 14, and betweenthe di'aphragms 10, 20 and .21 are providedspacing ashers 22 and 23, the purpose of Which is to space the main diaphragm' 1O fromthe supplemental. diaj phragm 20 and the supplemental diaphragm 20'from the supplemental diaphragm 21.

' With particular reference to Fig. 2, it will be seen that the diaphragms are of suecessively increasing area and form, When completely assembled onthe'stop pin 1s, a.

[resilient structure; which in operation provides substantially a' cantilever spring actiongff c The diaphragms 19,1 20andj 21 area-ll made of spring metal,preierably spring copper, and are',"therefore, inherently resilient, hich resiliency normally tends to retain :the diaphragms in a flat condition, and after the shock in thefluid stream has I been absorbed by. act-ion of the spring dia- Ithas been foundthat after longlusage the diaphragm structure tends to Warp, and in orderto overcome this difiiculty I provide an adjustment, which consists of a 'springi2 ladapted toEencircle a-stud 25 on the end of the stop pin 14,and the-tension of the spring '1 24 can'be varied by nieansofthe adjusting, 1 nut26 providedfvvith a threaded'stern 28 .45

terminating in a conical point seated in a recess in the f'compression nut 29 V This compression nut 29 is provided With a stud 30' which encircled by the opposite end of the spring 24, and between thejadjusting "placethe washers ,31'and132. It will thus be seen thatby adjusting the nut 26' the itension of the spring 24 can bevaried so as to returnfthe main diaphragm 10 to its nor-' mal position, and'I desire it to be underfor the" purpose of returning the diaphragm 10to its normal position after each'vibra tion, as this is accomplished by the resiliency cube diaphragm itself. The spring 24 is mainlyfor'the purpose of taking care of anyWarpageresulting from long usage.

.In the top shell .1 of the casing provide 7 the socket 83, adapted to receive the reduced I end of the stop pin 14:, audit is to benoted nutIQSj-a'nd master-1011 2 ot the casing I- that the socketiopenin of slightly larger diameter than the reduoed portion oi the stop pin. The space between the reduced end otthe stop pin 14 and the socket is'to enablethe diaphragm structure to vibrate V freely, it being readilyunderstood that in some cases one side of. the diaphragm may be vibrating at onev speed and the opposite' side of the diaphragm vibrating inan entirely different manner, and in orderjto ac 7 I commodate this unequal vibration of the diaphragm structure, it has been found 11ec[ 'ossary to permit movement laterally and longitudinally and vertically of the stop pinlet. V y

The top section 1 oft-he casing Aisprovided With ribs, 34, which radiates from the socket 33 and which lie in the path, of travel f V of the fluid entering the casing through the 1 inlet 12.; "These deflectingribsare for the purpose of breaking. up. the Waves-of pres sure in the fluidstreanr and projecting them toward the diaphragm structure at constantly' varyingangles, thereby insuring the damping out or absorption of the vibrations quickly and effectively. i Q f t Will be seenfromtheioregoing C S P- tion that I have provioed a very simple, inexpensive and efficient device foruentirely eliminating objectionable hammer, in Water pipes and otherfiuid systems, and that due to thecharacter of the diaphragnr employed, all vibrations Will absorb quic kly, and' that the construction is such fasto need no attention after installation, and that the con-"10o struction will eliminate any question oi Warpage due to constant and long use,

Iclaimjr 1. A deviceffor preventing ater'hannner and the like, icomprisingla" sh'ellhaving an 1 5 inlet communicating with a pipe system, a spring metal diaphragm providing aflfiuid receiving chamber communicating'With said inlet, the said diaphragm being: adapted, to

vibrate synchronouslywith the vibration in -1 othe fluid, and a plurality of flat s-pring'inetal reinforcing elements 1 located adjacent said diaphragm and spaced to permit the fluid entering the receiving chamber to pass he- 7 v tween thereintorcmg elements, Whereby'to 1'15 strengthen and cushionthe diaphragm dur g ing vibration thereof. 1 c i i 2, A device tor'preventing Water hammer and the like, comprising a shellhaving'an inlet communicating with: a pipe (system,

fiat laminated diaphragm structure. dividing the shell and providing a fluid receiving. chamber, said diaphra gm structure ,cOinpr'ising a stop pin and a plurality of diaphragms of succeedingly increasing diameter; secured 1 25:

to said stop pin in superposed spaced .r'ela-ji tion to'each other.

In testimony'ivhereot I'have'hereunto set my hand this 4th day of January, 1929.

sAMUELnMA-asiij as 

